Independent Control of Presynaptic Inhibition by Reticulospinal and Sensory Inputs at Rest and during Rhythmic Activities in the Cat

Abstract

To be functionally relevant during movement, the transmission from primary afferents must be efficiently controlled by presynaptic inhibition. Sensory feedback, central pattern generators, and supraspinal structures can all evoke presynaptic inhibition, but we do not understand how these inputs interact during movement. Here, we investigated the convergence of inputs from the reticular formation and sensory afferents on presynaptic inhibitory pathways and their modulation at rest and during two fictive motor tasks (locomotion and scratch) in decerebrate cats. The amplitude of primary afferent depolarization (PAD), an estimate of presynaptic inhibition, was recorded in individual afferents with intra-axonal recordings and in a mix of afferents in lumbar dorsal rootlets (dorsal root potential [DRP]) with bipolar electrodes. There was no spatial facilitation between inputs from reticulospinal and sensory afferents with DRPs or PADs, indicating an absence of convergence. However, spatial facilitation could be observed by combining two sensory inputs, indicating that convergence was possible. Task-dependent changes in the amplitude of responses were similar for reticulospinal and sensory inputs, increasing during fictive locomotion and decreasing during fictive scratch. During fictive locomotion, DRP and PAD amplitudes evoked by reticulospinal inputs were increased during the flexion phase, whereas sensory-evoked DRPs and PADs showed maximal amplitude in either flexion or extension phases. During fictive scratch, the amplitudes of DRPs and PADs evoked by both sources were maximal in flexion. The absence of spatial facilitation and different phase-dependent modulation patterns during fictive locomotion are consistent with independent presynaptic inhibitory pathways for reticulospinal and sensory inputs.