Independent Associations between Sedentary Time, Moderate-To-Vigorous Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cardio-Metabolic Health: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Sara Knaeps,Evelien Mertens,Jan G Bourgois,Ruben Charlier,Anne Wijtzes,Johan Lefevre,Pedro Tauler

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160166

Sara Knaeps, Evelien Mertens + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160166

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Journal: PloS one	Publication Date: Jul 27, 2016
Citations: 35	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: KU Leuven, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Ghent University

Abstract

We aimed to study the independent associations of sedentary time (ST), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and objectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with clustered cardio-metabolic risk and its individual components (waist circumference, fasting glucose, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and blood pressure). We also investigated whether any associations between MVPA or ST and clustered cardio-metabolic risk were mediated by CRF. MVPA, ST, CRF and individual cardio-metabolic components were measured in a population-based sample of 341 adults (age 53.8 ± 8.9 years; 61% men) between 2012 and 2014. MVPA and ST were measured with the SenseWear pro 3 Armband and CRF was measured with a maximal exercise test. Multiple linear regression models and the product of coefficients method were used to examine independent associations and mediation effects, respectively. Results showed that low MVPA and low CRF were associated with a higher clustered cardio-metabolic risk (β = -0.26 and β = -0.43, both p<0.001, respectively). CRF explained 73% of the variance in the association between MVPA and clustered cardio-metabolic risk and attenuated this association to non-significance. After mutual adjustment for MVPA and ST, CRF was the most important risk factor for a higher clustered cardio-metabolic risk (β = -0.39, p<0.001). In conclusion, because of the mediating role of CRF, lifestyle-interventions need to be feasible yet challenging enough to lead to increases in CRF to improve someone’s cardio-metabolic health.

Highlights

According to the World Health Organization, noncommunicable diseases were responsible for 38 million (68%) of the world’s deaths in 2012 [1]
Evidence from cross-sectional studies [6,7,8,9,10], longitudinal studies [11,12,13,14,15] and randomised controlled trials [16, 17] suggests that sedentary time (ST), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are important predictors of various cardio-metabolic risk factors [18]
Only two included objective measurements for MVPA, ST and CRF, CRF was not measured with a maximal exercise test [23, 25]

Summary

Introduction

According to the World Health Organization, noncommunicable diseases were responsible for 38 million (68%) of the world’s deaths in 2012 [1]. A number of cardio-metabolic risk factors are closely related to these noncommunicable diseases, including visceral obesity, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, and atherogenic dislipidemia [2]. One study reported that people with a high ST had a 65 to 76% higher risk of developing the metabolic syndrome, low CRF was the strongest risk factor [22] In line with these results, another study has identified ST as a risk factor for several markers of cardio-metabolic risk, the relationship between ST and clustered cardio-metabolic risk was remarkably less pronounced when taking CRF into account [24, 25]. Only two included objective measurements for MVPA, ST and CRF, CRF was not measured with a maximal exercise test [23, 25]

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Conclusion