Independent association of arteriovenous ratio index on the primary functional maturation of autologous radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula

Abstract

ObjectiveIt has been hypothesized that a novel measurement technique of arteriovenous ratio (AVR) index obtained from inflow (radial artery diameter) to that of outflow (cephalic vein diameter) and its application through the Bernoulli effect has no impact on the primary functional maturation (FM) of autogenous radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (RCAVF). MethodsA prospective consecutive single-center cohort study with intention to treat of 324 patients undergoing RCAVF during a period of 4 years was conducted. Variables of demographics, anatomic factors, laterality, comorbidities, anesthesia type, presence of intraoperative thrill, angle of anastomosis, and AVR index were assessed through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis on the end point of FM. The AVR was subjected to three decimal points to ensure maximal accuracy for best sensitivity and 1 − specificity by receiver operating characteristic curve. The χ2 (subgroup) analyses were undertaken to investigate the differences in FM incidence within different ranges of AVR. Test of probability (P value) was considered to be significant with P < .05. Effect sizes were reported as odds ratio with their measure of uncertainty at 95% confidence intervals. ResultsAmong all variables, the AVR index remained the only independent factor associated with FM (66%; n = 214/324) of RCAVFs (P = .001; 95% confidence interval, 0.08-0.26). AVR of 1 to 1.06 was associated with 100% FM in RCAVFs. Decrease or increase of this index was associated with stepwise reduction in FM of RCAVFs (P < .05). ConclusionsThe suggested novel measurement technique (AVR index) is an independent predictor of FM in RCAVFs. This study implies that minimal diameter (ie, inflow artery dimeter to outflow cephalic vein diameter) mismatch (AVR, 1-1.06) irrespective of other variables remains crucial for optimal hemodynamics (pressure and velocity) of RACVFs and their primary FM.