Independent and joint associations of monocyte to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio and body mass index with cardiorenal syndrome: insights from NHANES 2003–2020

Abstract

BackgroundWith the development of pathophysiology, cardiorenal syndrome (CRS), a complex and severe disease, has received increasing attention. Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio (MHR) and body mass index (BMI) are independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, but their association with CRS remains unexplored. This study aims to explore the independent and joint effects of MHR and BMI on CRS.MethodsWe included 42,178 NHANES participants. The determination of CRS referred to the simultaneous presence of cardiovascular disease (identified through self-report) and chronic kidney disease (eGFR < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m²). We employed multivariate weighted logistic regression to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the independent and joint associations of MHR and BMI with CRS. We also conducted restricted cubic spines to explore nonlinear associations.ResultsThe prevalence of CRS was 3.45% among all participants. An increase in both MHR and BMI is associated with a higher risk of CRS (MHR: OR = 1.799, 95% CI = 1.520–2.129, P < 0.001, P-trend < 0.001; BMI: OR = 1.037, 95% CI = 1.023–1.051, P < 0.001). Individuals who simultaneously fall into the highest quartile of MHR and have a BMI of 30 or more face the highest risk of CRS compared to those in the lowest MHR quartile with a BMI of less than 25 (OR = 3.45, 95% CI = 2.40–4.98, P < 0.001). However, there is no interactive association between MHR and BMI with CRS.ConclusionsHigher MHR and BMI are associated with higher odds of CRS. MHR and BMI can serve as tools for early prevention and intervention of CRS, respectively.