Independent and Combined Effects of Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain on Offspring Growth at 0-3 Years of Age.

Wen-Yuan Jin,Zhi-Wei Zhu,Li Tang,Zheng-Yan Zhao,Yao Lv,Jie Shao,Yu Bao

doi:10.1155/2016/4720785

Abstract

Background. The objective of this study was to investigate the independent and combined effects of maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) on offspring growth at 0–3 years old. Methods. A total of 826 pairs of nondiabetic mothers and their offspring were recruited in this study. Maternal information was abstracted from medical records and questionnaires. Offspring growth trajectories of weights and BMIs were depicted based on anthropometric measurements. Results. Offspring of mothers who were prepregnancy overweight/obese or obtained excessive GWGs continuously had greater weight and BMI Z-scores throughout the first 3 years of life. Children of prepregnancy overweight/obese mothers with excessive GWGs had a phenotype of higher weight and BMI Z-scores than those prepregnancy overweight/obese ones with nonexcessive GWGs from birth to 18 months. Maternal excessive GWGs increased offspring's risk of overweight/obesity at 12 months (AOR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.03–2.00) and 24 months (AOR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.02–2.25). Combination of excessive prepregnancy BMIs and GWGs was significantly associated with offspring's overweight/obesity at 30 months (AOR = 2.98, 95% CI: 1.36–6.53). Conclusions. Maternal prepregnancy overweight/obesity and excessive GWG are both significantly associated with rapid offspring growth from birth to 3 years old. Excessive GWGs strengthen the effects of high maternal prepregnancy BMIs on excessive offspring growth during their early life.

Highlights

Childhood overweight and obesity are an epidemic, worldwide public health problem with the prevalence increasing in a few decades
Maternal overweight/obesity prior to pregnancy and excessive weight gain during gestation have been regarded as potentially modifiable, independent risk factors for excessive fetal growth and childhood overweight/obesity, which are often connected with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or glucose intolerance [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]
Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) has been discovered to be associated with increased risk of GDM, cesarean section, large for gestational age (LGA), indicated preterm birth, and postpartum weight retention [21,22,23,24]; whereas inadequate

Summary

Introduction

Childhood overweight and obesity are an epidemic, worldwide public health problem with the prevalence increasing in a few decades. Maternal characteristics, including prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), are significantly associated with short-term and long-term offspring growth. The objective of this study was to investigate the independent and combined effects of maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) on offspring growth at 0–3 years old. Offspring of mothers who were prepregnancy overweight/obese or obtained excessive GWGs continuously had greater weight and BMI Z-scores throughout the first 3 years of life. Combination of excessive prepregnancy BMIs and GWGs was significantly associated with offspring’s overweight/obesity at 30 months (AOR = 2.98, 95% CI: 1.36–6.53). Maternal prepregnancy overweight/obesity and excessive GWG are both significantly associated with rapid offspring growth from birth to 3 years old. Excessive GWGs strengthen the effects of high maternal prepregnancy BMIs on excessive offspring growth during their early life

Objectives

Methods

Results