Indazole derivatives as novel inhibitors of monoamine oxidase and D-amino acid oxidase

Abstract

The monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes metabolize neurotransmitter amines in the peripheral and central tissues, and inhibitors of these enzymes find application in the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Based on reports that the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole, inhibits the MAO-B isoform, the present study investigated the MAO inhibition potencies of a synthetic series of fifteen C5- and C6-substituted indazole derivatives. While only one derivative (5c) was a submicromolar inhibitor of human MAO-A (IC50 = 0.745 µM), all compounds inhibited human MAO-B with submicromolar IC50 values. Substitution on C5 of indazole yielded particularly potent MAO-B inhibition with IC50 values that ranged from 0.0025–0.024 µM. Further investigation of a selected indazole derivative showed a competitive mode of MAO inhibition. To further explore the pharmacological properties of the indazole derivatives, they were also evaluated as potential inhibitors of porcine D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO). None of the synthetic compounds were noteworthy DAAO inhibitors, however, 1H-indazol-5-ol, a synthetic precursor, was found to be a good potency inhibitor with an IC50 value of 2.03 µM.