Abstract
IncurvariapirinellaJunnilainen, Kaitila & Mutanen,sp. nov.is described from Bulgaria based on specimens collected by netting and artificial light from several low-elevation localities in Bulgaria. The species is morphologically and genetically most similar toI.triglavensisHauder, 1912. Differences between these two species are present in external appearance and genitalia of both sexes. Additionally,I.pirinellashows a distance of 4.74% to its nearest neighbourI.triglavensisin the standard DNA barcoding marker (COI-5P). We provide preliminary observations of phylogenetic affinities of EuropeanIncurvariaand briefly discuss habitat preferences of some species. All species have distinct barcodes with minimum K2P divergences between species averaging 7.05% (range 1.2–12.8%). A world checklist ofIncurvariaHaworth, 1828 is provided and DNA barcodes for all European species are here released. Finally, we document morphological variation in male genitalia withinI.triglavensisHauder, 1912.
Highlights
I. pirinella shows a distance of 4.74% to its nearest neighbour I. triglavensis in the standard DNA barcoding marker (COI-5P)
During several entomological expeditions to the southern Pirin mountain range in Bulgaria, the authors JJ and JPK collected specimens of Incurvaria Haworth, 1828, which originally were believed to belong to Incurvaria triglavensis Hauder, 1912, described from the Triglav mountain in Slovenia
A tissue sample of the Bulgarian taxon was sequenced for the DNA barcode region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene, which turned out to differ clearly from all other European species of Incurvaria
Summary
During several entomological expeditions to the southern Pirin mountain range in Bulgaria, the authors JJ and JPK collected specimens of Incurvaria Haworth, 1828, which originally were believed to belong to Incurvaria triglavensis Hauder, 1912, described from the Triglav mountain in Slovenia. We noticed constant differences in the external habitus between our specimens and those of I. triglavensis as illustrated by Huemer (1993). We observed that the Bulgarian taxon occurs in low-elevation habitats with mainly Mediterranean vegetation, whereas other species of the vetulella-group prefer alpine habitats in Central and Southern Europe. A tissue sample of the Bulgarian taxon was sequenced for the DNA barcode region of the mitochondrial COI gene, which turned out to differ clearly from all other European species of Incurvaria. Examination of the genitalia of Bulgarian specimens showed differences from I. triglavensis in both male and female genitalia. We provide DNA barcodes for all European species of Incurvaria, as well as for three other European Incurvariidae
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