Abstract
The dynamic characterization of rocks under intermediate and high strain rates is fundamental to understand the material behaviour in case of heavy earthquakes and dynamic events. The implementation of material constitutive laws is of capital importance for the numerical simulation of the dynamic processes as those caused by earthquakes. These data are necessary and require experimental techniques able to induce on the rock materials state of loading reproducing the actual dynamic condition. Consider the work [1]. The dynamic characterization has been carried out by means of two special apparatus: the split Hopkinson tension bar and the hydro-pneumatic machine . These equipments are briefly described with a discussion on the results of dynamic tension tests at three different strain rates (0.1, 10, 100 strain/s) on Onsernone Orthogneiss for loading directions 0∘ , 45∘ and 90∘ with respect to the schistosity. Results of the tests show a significant strain rate sensitive behaviour, exhibiting dynamic tensile strength increasing with strain rate, up to about two times with respect to the quasi-static conditions in the case of 0∘ and 45∘ orientation and more than three times in the case of 90 at high strain rates.
Highlights
The dynamic mechanical properties of rocks can be very different from those exhibited in quasi-static conditions
Particular attention should be addressed to the dynamic tensile strength of rock materials that represent a relevant parameter to many rock mechanics applications
The dynamic tensile strength can be obtained directly or indirectly by means of different experimental methods based on drop weight machines, split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB), gas gun, etc
Summary
The dynamic mechanical properties of rocks can be very different from those exhibited in quasi-static conditions. Specific investigations in such dynamic ranges appear necessary to correctly understand their behaviour under intermediate and high strain rate conditions. The dynamic tensile strength can be obtained directly or indirectly by means of different experimental methods based on drop weight machines, split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB), gas gun, etc. The direct measurement of the dynamic tensile strength of the Onsernone Gneiss (three strain rates for 0◦, 45◦ and 90◦ orientations) has been carried out using the split Hopkinson tension bar (SPTB) and the hydro-pneumatic machine (HPM) installed in the DynaMat Laboratory of the University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland
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