Increasing yield and quality of grain wheat in steam grain-steamed crop rotation in the lower Volga region

Abstract

The scientific work shows the influence of agrochemicals and methods of the main tillage in the steam link of grain-row crop rotation on the yield and the proportion of protein in dry matter in winter wheat grain. The analysis of soil moisture and moisture reserves in a fallow field during the sowing of winter wheat in the Lower Volga region was carried out. Three-year data show that the main processing of black fallow by 10-12 cm for sowing winter wheat reduces its yield by 0.25 t / ha (10.6%). The maximum values of the yield of winter wheat were obtained on combined processing - 2.40 t / ha, with an insignificant increase (2.1%) in relation to the control (moldboard processing). Deep moldboard-free loosening of the soil by 30-32 cm did not provide a significant decrease in yield (-0.03 t / ha). Foliar feeding of winter wheat crops with micronutrient fertilizers increased the yield by 7.3-11.4%, a growth stimulator (GSN-2004) by 3.8 - 8.2%. Giberelon (growth regulator) in the severely arid years of research on the dark chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region did not have a significant effect on the grain yield of winter wheat. A significant increase in the protein content was formed in the variants with feeding Megamix No. 10 - 0.4-0.5%, Mikrovit – 0.4-0.6% (mineral fertilizers) and GSN-2004 (growth stimulant) - 0.5-0.6%.