Increasing trends in obesity prevalence from 2013 to 2019 and associated factors in Brazil.

Arthur Pate De Souza Ferreira,Célia Landmann Szwarcwald,Paulo Roberto Borges De Souza Júnior,Giseli Nogueira Damacena

doi:10.1590/1980-549720210009.supl.2

Arthur Pate De Souza Ferreira, Célia Landmann Szwarcwald + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720210009.supl.2

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Abstract

To investigate the variation of anthropometric indicators from 2013 to 2019 and the factors associated with obesity in Brazil, using information from the National Health Survey. Cross-sectional study with cluster sampling and simple random sampling in the three stages. Measurements of weight and height among participants in 2013 (n=59,592) and in 2019 (n=6,672) were used. Differences in obesity prevalence were tested by Student's t test for independent samples. To identify the sociodemographic factors and health problems associated with obesity, we used Poisson regression models with robust variance and crude and age-adjusted prevalence ratios to test the associations. From 2013 to 2019, prevalence of obesity increased significantly, from 20.8 to 25.9%. Among men, the greatest increases were found in the 40-59 age group (9.1%) and in the median income category (8.3%). Among women, the greatest rises were found among those with low education (8.7%) and non-white ones (6.0%). For both males and females, factors associated with obesity were age, to live with a partner, level of instruction directly associated among men, and inversely associated among women. In 2019, for males, the crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were significant for high cholesterol, high blood pressure and at least one chronic non-communicable disease and, for females, for poor self-rated health, high blood pressure, diabetes, and at least one chronic non-communicable. It is necessary to implement intersectoral policies to promote changes in eating habits and encourage the practice of physical activity, taking into account economic, social, cultural, and environmental aspects.

Highlights

Obesity is one of the most important global health problems and is considered a global epidemic due to its progressive increase in recent decades in many developed and developing countries[1,2]
Regarding the variables of self-rated health and the presence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in 2013 and 2019, significant differences were found among individuals who reported having high cholesterol, diagnosis of heart disease, hypertension, diabetes or at least one NCD
The results of this study show a significant increase in mean height, mean weight, and the prevalence of obesity in the Brazilian population, between 2013 and 2019, for both men and women

Summary

Introduction

Obesity is one of the most important global health problems and is considered a global epidemic due to its progressive increase in recent decades in many developed and developing countries[1,2]. Between 2000 and 2018, obesity showed a marked growth trend worldwide, increasing, on average, 11% in the period[3]. In Latin America and the Caribbean, obesity shows a growing trend, due to the accelerated disordered urbanization and improvements in the socioeconomic level of these countries, in parallel with the decrease in malnutrition and consumption of family farm foods and the increase in physical inactivity and consumption of ultra-processed foods[4]. Several types of cancer, such as colorectal, are related to obesity[10,11]. As it is associated with a series of damages to health, obesity is responsible for a substantial part of premature deaths, functional limitations, and loss of quality of life[12,13]

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