Increasing the yield and quality indicators of eincorn grain by optimizing cultivation technology in the central part of the North Caucasus

Abstract

The dynamics of growThe main goal of the research was to find possible methods for improving the elements of agricultural technology for cultivating spring wheat (eincorn) in the conditions of the foothill zone of Kabardino-Balkaria. The research was carried out in 2019-2022 in accordance with B.A. Dospehov’s Field Experience Methodology [1, p. 41-46]. As a result, it was established that the dynamics of plant growth and development were directly related to unequal growing conditions. The timing of sowing significantly affects the water and temperature mode of eincorn. The change in the level of mineral nutrition of eincorn plants was quite convincing depending on the predecessor. The duration of developmental phases in the initial periods of plant growth and development varied, while the difference at the initial stage was quite noticeable, but later decreased, but persisted until harvesting. It was established that a delay in sowing einсorn led to a decrease in crop productivity by 30%. Optimizing the place of eincorn in crop rotation could increase yield by 0.59 t/ha. The weight of 1000 seeds, filminess, crude protein content and gross protein yield per hectare were higher when sowing early after fertilized peas.All quality indicators deteriorated when sowing was delayed. Protein content was reduced by 1.2% and 10.9%. The dependence of this indicator on the predecessor was not very high and ranged from 1.2 to 1.9% when the predecessor was peas and it was re-sowing. In terms of protein productivity per hectare, the best results were obtained in the early sowing option, where the predecessors were corn for silage and peas, in the fertilized version amounted to 348.2 kg/ha. The grain quality tended to increase, and, therefore, grain completeness in the early stages after the predecessors of peas and corn increased as well.