Increasing Summit Degassing at the Stromboli Volcano and Relationships with Volcanic Activity (2016–2018)

Salvatore Inguaggiato,Lorenzo Calderone,Marianna Cangemi,Fabio Vita

doi:10.3390/geosciences9040176

Salvatore Inguaggiato, Lorenzo Calderone + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9040176

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Journal: Geosciences	Publication Date: Apr 17, 2019
Citations: 14	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia

Abstract

The last increased volcanic activity of the Stromboli volcano, from 2016 to 2018, was characterized by increases in the number and frequency of crater explosions and by episodes of lava overflow. The volcanic activity was monitored utilizing CO2 soil fluxes acquired from the Stromboli summit area (STR02 station). To better understand the behavior of the shallow plumbing system of the Stromboli volcano in the period of 2016–2018, we utilized a large data set spanning from 2000 to 2018. The data in this last period confirm a long growing trend of CO2 summit degassing, already observed in the years since 2005 (reaching 23,000 g·m−2·d−1). Moreover, within this increasing trend, episodes of sudden and sharp increases in the degassing rate, up to 24.2 g·m−2·d−2 were recorded, which are correlated with the observed paroxysmal activity (increased summit explosions and overflow).

Highlights

The 916 m-high Stromboli island is the emerged part of a 3000 m-high volcano lying in the northeastern sector of the Aeolian archipelago, located in the South Tyrrhenian Sea
This paper is focused on the study of the increased volcanic activity of Stromboli (2016–2018), monitored utilizing the large data set of CO2 soil fluxes acquired from 2000–2018 in the Stromboli summit area (STR02 station)
The Stromboli volcano plumbing system is characterized by the continuous refilling of a volatilesub-periods (10,000, 5000, and 9000 g·m−2 ·d−1 for 2002, 2007, and 2014 effusive eruptions periods, rich magma, which produced during the last two thousand years, the peculiar explosive activity respectively)

Summary

Introduction

The 916 m-high Stromboli island is the emerged part of a 3000 m-high volcano lying in the northeastern sector of the Aeolian archipelago, located in the South Tyrrhenian Sea. Stromboli is an open-conduit volcano characterized by an intense and constant degassing, mainly from the active vents (volcanic plume) and secondarily through the soil, both from the crater terrace (located at ≈750 m above sea level (a.s.l.) in the upper portion of the Sciara del Fuoco) and peripheral areas [7]. The total output of CO2 emitted from the entire volcano edifice (416 t·day−1 ) has been estimated by [7], highlighting that the main contribution comes from the summit area (396 t·day−1 ) and that the CO2 released from the peripheral areas is only around 20 t·day−1 Summit degassing is both active (i.e., explosions from the vents) and passive (i.e., plume from the conduit and diffuse soil degassing in the crater area). This paper is focused on the study of the increased volcanic activity of Stromboli (2016–2018), monitored utilizing the large data set of CO2 soil fluxes acquired from 2000–2018 in the Stromboli summit area (STR02 station)

Volcanic Activity

Materials and Methods

Summit Soil CO2 Flux Continuous Monitoring

Discussion and Conclusions

Findings