Increasing shelf life of millets by developing bio-nanocomposite films (bioplastic) as an alternative to conventional plastic

Abstract

Millets are considered as most nutritional grain among all. Hence it becomes immense important to prevent and protect such grains from being deteriorated. Spoilage is mostly observed due to bacterial, fungal, or due to some climatic changes. Such spoilage cannot be stopped completely but can be minimized by increasing its shelf life. Development of metal-oxide based bio-nanocomposite film has revolutionized various sectors from food packaging to agriculture. Zinc oxide nanoparticles is considered as GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) among all metal-oxides, and hence introduced in various applications. These ZnO NPs can be combined with natural polymer forming bio-nanocomposite films (bioplastic) and therefore used in mulching and food packaging industry. Mulching improves crop yield, requires less water, makes less usage of pesticide, and promote proper growth of plants. Till date, conventional plastic made of polyethylene units are used which causes hazardous effect on environment, hence it become immense important to replace it with a biodegradable and affordable bioplastic. This study involves biosynthesis of ZnO NPs using plant (Cassia fistula) extract and combining it with the natural biopolymer, giving rise to bio-nanocomposite film. These films would show antibacterial activity against pathogen causing spoilage in millets and thus increasing their shelf-life extension. Also, the minimum amount of ZnO NPs required to show antibacterial activity would be determined.