Increasing severity of early-onset atopic dermatitis, but not late-onset, associates with development of aeroallergen sensitization and allergic rhinitis in childhood.

Abstract

Early exposure to allergens through a defect skin barrier has been proposed as a mechanism for inducing sensitization and development of allergic diseases. We hypothesized that early-onset, severe atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with development of aeroallergen sensitization and allergic rhinitis. We included 368 children from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood2000 (COPSAC2000 ) at-risk mother-child cohort. AD was diagnosed prospectively based on Hanifin&Rajka's criteria and severity assessed using the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index. Early-onset AD was defined as debut ≤1year, late-onset as debut from 1-6years. Aeroallergen sensitization and allergic rhinitis were diagnosed at ages 6-7 and 12years. Associations between early-onset and late-onset AD and allergy endpoints were calculated using general estimating equations (GEE) models to compute the overall odds ratios (OR) for both time points. Early-onset AD (yes/no) and severity (SCORAD) were associated with development of aeroallergen sensitization during childhood; GEE OR=1.68 [1.08; 2.62], p=.02 and 1.08 [1.03; 1.12], p<.001, whereas late-onset AD showed a borderline significant association and late-onset severity showed no association; GEE OR=1.65 [0.92; 2.94], p=.08 and 1.01 [0.97; 1.06], p=.55. The same trend was seen for allergic rhinitis with significant association between early-onset AD and allergic rhinitis; GEE OR=1.56 [1.01; 2.41], p=.04 and severity; GEE OR=1.09 [1.05; 1.13], p<.001, whereas late-onset AD showed no association. The effects on sensitization and rhinitis of early-onset versus late-onset AD severity were significantly different: p-interactionsensitization =.03 and p-interactionrhinitis <.01. Increasing severity of early-onset AD, but not late-onset AD, associates with aeroallergen sensitization and allergic rhinitis later in childhood.