Abstract
Background: Women were expressing disabling low back aches and weight gain attributing to puerperal sterilization, when contraception implementation as Family Welfare Program was progressing between ~1983 and ~1989. Hence we sought to identify any correlation existing with contraception. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of prevalence of osteoporosis and hypothyroid status, in 350 patients of 20-35 years, 35-50 years, >50 years age groups, from data collected by convenient, stratified random sampling of different geographical locations, between 1995-2012. We also analyzed its association with presence or absence of contraception and abortion. Simultaneously, serum estrogen levels obtained from 105 patients were also analyzed. Results: ~15-25 fold increase in osteoporosis was seen in contraceptive users with a p value of 20->50 years age group; we also found a 6 fold increase in hypothyroidism among contraceptive users aged >35 years [p 20 years age group [p 50 years age group [p < 0.025]. Endogenous estrogen was reduced in 61% of people using contraception with a p value of <0.0005. Conclusion: Concept is that contraception prevents traversal of normal path by germ cells, resulting in smashed fragmentation of germ cells, and consequent decreased endogenous estrogen or androgen leading to defaulted genomic repertoire, deranged cell cycle and cell metabolism resulting in metabolic syndrome, with consequent increase in osteoporosis and hypothyroid status.
Highlights
Since ~1983 contraception [puerperal sterilization mostly] had got stealthily implemented in the name of Family Welfare program, without evidence for safety or therapeutic indication, i.e., there were no studies on pre or post implementation; young women were experiencing disabling low back aches, weight gain and were correlating these with sterilization; whereas medical fraternity attributed no significance to this, since the procedures were uneventful and the medical curriculum claimed no ill effects [for condoms, copper-t, vasectomy and tubectomy]; clinical help sought by the patients for their low back aches and obesity at young age led to this analysis to seek any altruistic relationship as the cause and effect phenomenon
Contraception is associated with 6 fold increase in hypothyroid status among >35 years age group [p < 0.0005]; 3 fold increase among >20 years age group [p < 0.02]; 1.5 fold increase among >50 years age group [p
Estrogen levels are reduced in 61% of contraceptive users [p < 0.0005] and low normal range are seen in 25% of contraceptive users
Summary
Since ~1983 contraception [puerperal sterilization mostly] had got stealthily implemented in the name of Family Welfare program, without evidence for safety or therapeutic indication, i.e., there were no studies on pre or post implementation; young women were experiencing disabling low back aches, weight gain and were correlating these with sterilization; whereas medical fraternity attributed no significance to this, since the procedures were uneventful and the medical curriculum claimed no ill effects [for condoms, copper-t, vasectomy and tubectomy]; clinical help sought by the patients for their low back aches and obesity at young age led to this analysis to seek any altruistic relationship as the cause and effect phenomenon. Conclusion: Concept is that contraception prevents traversal of normal path by germ cells, resulting in smashed fragmentation of germ cells, and consequent decreased endogenous estrogen or androgen leading to defaulted genomic repertoire, deranged cell cycle and cell metabolism resulting in metabolic syndrome, with consequent increase in osteoporosis and hypothyroid status
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