Abstract
A symmetrical cyanine dye chromophore is modified with different counteranions to study the effect on crystal packing, polarizability, thermal stability, optical properties, light absorbing layer morphology, and organic photovoltaic (OPV) device parameters. Four sulfonate‐based anions and the bulky bistriflylimide anion are introduced to the 2‐[5‐(1,3‐dihydro‐1,3,3‐trimethyl‐2H‐indol‐2‐ylidene)‐1,3‐pentadien‐1‐yl]‐1,3,3‐trimethyl‐3H‐indolium chromophore using an Amberlyst A26 (OH− form) anion exchanger. Anionic charge distribution clearly correlates with device performance, whereby an average efficiency of 2% was reached in a standard bilayer organic solar. Evidence is given that the negative charge of the anion distributed over a large number of atoms is significantly more important than the size of the organic moieties of the sulfonate charge carrying group. This provides a clear strategy for future design of more efficient cyanine dyes for OPV applications.
Highlights
A symmetrical cyanine dye chromophore is modified with different counterandata storage in CD-R,[10,11,12] and as organic semiconductors in organic photovoltaic ions to study the effect on crystal packing, polarizability, thermal stability
The small and hard halide anions in cyanine dye salts can have a negative influence on redox stability and charge delocalization when applied in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices
The Amberlyst A26 (OH− form; Amberlyst A26 hydroxide form is a registered trademark of The Dow Chemical Company or an affiliated company of Dow) wet anion exchange resin was chosen for this purpose (Figure 1A)
Summary
A symmetrical cyanine dye chromophore is modified with different counterandata storage in CD-R,[10,11,12] and as organic semiconductors in organic photovoltaic ions to study the effect on crystal packing, polarizability, thermal stability,. Evidence is given that the negative charge of the anion distributed over a large number of atoms is significantly more important than the size of the organic moieties of the sulfonate charge carrying group. This provides a clear strategy for future design the corresponding 3-methyl-2-butanone as reactants has been used to form the half-dye.[21,22] This can be connected via amine condensation of a malonaldehyde bis(phenylimine) hydrochloride to of more efficient cyanine dyes for OPV applications. Microwave reactors and “more green” routes have been developed
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