Increasing Fat Deposition Via Upregulates the Transcription of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma in Native Crossbred Chickens.

Supanon Tunim,Yupin Phasuk,Monchai Duangjinda,Samuel E Aggrey

doi:10.3390/ani11010090

Supanon Tunim, Yupin Phasuk + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11010090

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Abstract

Simple SummaryCrossbreeding using exotic breeds is usually employed to improve the growth characteristics of indigenous chickens. This mating not only provides growth but adversely affects excess fat deposition as well. This deposition was regulated by a complicated cellular mechanism including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) function. Thus, we hypothesized that native chickens breed percentage might be related to PPARs gene expression. This study aimed to study the role of PPARs on fat deposition in chickens which was the different native genetic background. Our results indicated that increasing commercial breed percentage in the chicken leads to increased fat deposition via the increasing of PPARG gene expression. Therefore, the PPARG gene notable as a major gene of cellular fat deposition and might be applied in further study.This study aimed to study the role of PPARs on fat deposition in native crossbred chicken. We studied the growth, abdominal, subcutaneous, and intramuscular fat, and mRNA expression of PPARA and PPARG in adipose and muscle tissues of four chicken breeds (CH breed (100% Thai native chicken), KM1 (50% CH background), KM2 (25% CH background), and broiler (BR)). The result shows that the BR chickens had higher abdominal fat than other breeds (p < 0.05) and the KM2 had an abdominal fat percentage higher than KM1 and CH respectively (p < 0.05). The intramuscular fat of BR was greater than KM1 and CH (p < 0.05). In adipose tissue, PPARA expression was different among the chicken breeds. However, there were breed differences in PPARG expression. Study of abdominal fat PPARG expression showed the BR breed, KM1, and KM2 breed significantly greater (p < 0.05) than CH. In 8 to 12 weeks of age, the PPARG expression of the CH breed is less than (p < 0.05) KM2. Crossbreeding improved the growth of the Thai native breed, there was also a corresponding increase in carcass fatness. However, there appears to be a relationship between PPARG expression and fat deposition traits. therefore, PPARG activity hypothesized to plays a key role in lipid accumulation by up-regulation.

Highlights

At 12 weeks of chicken age, the results show that the PPARG expression of the CH breed was less than (p < 0.05) in both crossbred breeds of chicken
We studied the relationship between abdominal, subcutaneous, and intramuscular fat in Thai native crossbreds, an exotic commercial broiler, and the Thai native breed, Chee
There are appears to be no relationship between fatness and mRNA expression of PPARA

Summary

Introduction

Native chickens selectively bred from jungle fowl are distributed widely. In Asian countries, they are numerous slow-growing and lean breeds [1]. These indigenous poultry strains generally have low fat and the ability to tolerate the effect of heat stress. Commercial broilers are selected for rapid growth and do not express their full genetic potential under hot-humid climates. In tropical regions, crossbreeding of indigenous breeds with improved exotic breeds has been one of the strategies to improve the growth of the indigenous breeds. High producing exotic commercial broiler strains have high growth performance and a significant amount of visceral fat compared to the indigenous breeds. Excessive carcass fatness can have a negative effect on the dressing percentage of chicken and consumer health due to the high-fat content of the meat

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