Abstract
This research was aimed to obtain algae biofuels as an alternative energy which comes from tropical microalgae biomass Chlorella sorokiniana and Closterium sp. The cultivation was performed at a controlled room in batch culture photobioreactor, temperature 27°C, pH 6, aeration with air flow rate of 150 mL/sec, and light intensity at 2400 lux. These nutrient sources used artificial PHM with KNO3 variation as a nitrogen source of 0 grams; 0.25 grams; 0.5 grams; 1 gram. The research involved microalgae lipid extraction with Blight & Dyer method and also carried out support of alcohol, chloroform and distilled water (1:1:1) with optimum temperature 30oC. Oil yields that obtained were analyzed with Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method, dry weight with a gravimetric method and cell density with spectrophotometry. The result showed that the reduction of KNO3 materials (0,25 gr) can produce biomass and highest total lipid content at 0,41 g/L and 20,31 %/(w/w). The results showed that KNO3 decreased the amount of biomass which was not significant but the total lipid content of microalgae was increased. Lipid content and fatty acids extracted from Blight & Dyer showed oil content that could potentially be the raw material of biodiesel.
Highlights
The use of fossil fuels in many industries like transportation is reported to become one of the main factors that caused an increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) gas emissions in the atmosphere that cause global warming
Fig 1. shows growth curve on the mixed culture of Chlorella sorokiniana and Closterium sp with a variation of N source addition which is KNO3 on growth media using UV-Vis spectrophotometer
Based on the growth curve it can be seen that the highest growth in the mixed culture of Chlorella sorokiniana and Closterium sp with KNO3 source variation of 100% and 50% amount, each occurred on the 6th day
Summary
The use of fossil fuels in many industries like transportation is reported to become one of the main factors that caused an increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) gas emissions in the atmosphere that cause global warming. The price of fuels, which will be getting an increase, and pollution problem causing all parties to look for alternative fuels. There is much research about the using of biomass and waste as the alternative fuels because of their eco-friendly and nontoxic nature [2]. Biodiesel is one of the alternative fuels which can be produced from plant biomass, for instance, corn, oil palm, canola, jatropha, and animal fat [3]. The use of vegetable oil for biodiesel production needs a big land, high maintenance cost, and cause a competition towards food needs [4]
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