Abstract
Increased production of sugarcane in Indonesia can be done with extensification sugarcane plantations which largely dominated by acidic upland red-yellow podzolic soil. High aluminium (Al) content and low pH of the soil can inhibit plant growth and development. Tolerant sugarcane in acid soil is the most efficient way, but the adaptive variety is still limited. In vitro culture technique can increase genetic variability to assemble new varieties through somaclonal variation combined with mutation using ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS). The new characters was directed by in vitro selection using AlCl3.6H2O with pH = 4 as a component of selection for resistance to high aluminium. VMC 7616 and PS 862 varieties were used as materials. Mutation induced using EMS at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% for 30, 60 and 120 minutes. Plantlets mutant obtained through callus formation, immersion callus in EMS, in vitro selection, and regeneration of callus. Result of study showed that the long immersion in the EMS solution caused greater damage to the cells, as indicated by the change in callus colour. Callus immersion time in EMS gave greater influence to regeneration compared to concentration of EMS. PS 862 had higher Al tolerance than VMC 7616. Rooting of shoot induced using indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) 3 mg/L.
Highlights
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is an important crop of high economic value, especially Indonesia
Increased production of sugarcane in Indonesia can be done with extensification sugarcane plantations which largely dominated by acidic upland red-yellow podzolic soil
In vitro culture technique can increase genetic variability to assemble new varieties through somaclonal variation combined with mutation using ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS)
Summary
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is an important crop of high economic value, especially Indonesia. The need for increasing sugar always leads Indonesia to import sugar every year. Increased production of sugarcane can be done by using the dry land which is generally dominated by red-yellow podzolic acid soils. Poor crop productivity and low soil fertility are mainly due to the combination of aluminium (Al) and manganese toxicities coupled with nutrient deficiencies (P, Ca, Mg and K) Among these problems, Al toxicity has been identified as a major growth limiting factor in acidic soils. Al toxicity is a serious problem in low pH acidic soils (
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