Increased vascular function and superoxide dismutase activity in physically active vs inactive adults living with HIV

Abstract

This study compared macro- and microvascular endothelial function and redox status in active vs inactive HIV-infected patients (HIVP) under antiretroviral therapy. Using a cross-sectional design, macro- and microvascular reactivity, systemic microvascular density, and oxidative stress were compared between 19 HIVP (53.1±6.1year) enrolled in a multimodal training program (aerobic, strength and flexibility exercises) for at least 12months (60-minutes sessions performed 3times/wk with moderate intensity) vs 25 sedentary HIVP (51.2±6.3year). Forearm blood flow during reactive hyperemia (521.7±241.9 vs 361.4%±125.0%; P=0.04) and systemic microvascular density (120.8±21.1 vs 105.6±25.0capillaries/mm2 ; P=0.03) was greater in active than inactive patients. No significant difference between groups was detected for endothelium-dependent and independent skin microvascular vasodilation (P>0.05). As for redox status, carbonyl groups (P=0.22), lipid peroxidation (P=0.86), catalase activity (P=0.99), and nitric oxide levels (P=0.72) were similar across groups. However, superoxide dismutase activity was greater in active vs inactive HIVP (0.118±0.013 vs 0.111±0.007U/mL; P=0.05). Immune function reflected by total T CD4 and T CD8 counts (cell/mm3 ) did not differ between active and inactive groups (P>0.82). In conclusion, physically active HIVP exhibited similar immune function, but greater macrovascular reactivity, systemic microvascular density, and superoxide dismutase activity than inactive patients of similar age.