Increased urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine excretion in long-distance bus drivers in Taiwan

Abstract

Professional bus drivers are exposed to environments containing air pollution and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can induce cellular oxidative stress and DNA damage. This study investigated environmental factors associated with oxidative DNA damage in a cohort of long-distance bus drivers. In a comparison study, urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a biomarker of DNA oxidative damage, was examined in 120 male long-distance bus drivers and 58 male office workers in Taiwan. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze association between urinary 8-OHdG levels and environmental factors. Bus drivers had higher urinary 8-OHdG levels (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 9.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.5–28.2) compared with office workers. Increased urinary 8-OHdG level was significantly related to cigarette smoking (aOR = 18.0, 95% CI = 7.1–52.1), consumption of energy drinks (aOR = 5.0, 95% CI = 2.1–12.6), and regular exercise (aOR = 3.8, 95% CI = 1.5–10.2). A strong exposure–response relationship was found between urinary 8-OHdG and urinary cotinine ( p < 0.0001). Among nonsmokers, bus drivers (aOR = 3.9, 95% CI = 1.0–17.7) had higher urinary 8-OHdG than office workers. Among both bus drivers and office workers, those who drank energy drinks (aOR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.2–12.2) had higher 8-OHdG levels than those who did not drink energy drinks. Adjusted for smoking, levels of 8-OHdG were increased in long-distance bus drivers exposed to traffic exhaust and ingested energy drinks. Future studies should explore what aspects of energy drinks may contribute to increased urinary 8-OHdG.