Abstract

The role of T-Regulatory Cell (Treg) and Interleukin 10 (IL-10) in the failure of BCG protection is unclear. This case-control study analyzed quantity of Treg Cells and IL-10 in the circulation of pediatric TB and non-TB patients with both groups has history of BCG vaccination. Measurement of circulatory Treg cell percentage was performed using Flow Cytometry and circulatory IL-10 was measured using ELISA method. We found that pediatric TB patients have significantly higher IL-10 level compared to non-TB patients (9.15 pg mL−1 vs. 6.04 pg mL−1; p < 0.001). The same scenario happened in Treg cell percentage that were almost two-fold higher in pediatric TB patients compared to non-TB patients (3.51% vs. 1.86%; p < 0.001). It is concluded that the percentage of Treg cells and IL-10 levels in circulation of pediatric TB patients were higher compared to non-TB patients. This finding strengthens the possibility of Treg and IL-10 involvement in the failure of BCG protection.

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