Abstract
THE application of hypertonic solutions speeds the appearance of clinical signs of cellular dehydration in proportion to the impermeability of the cellular membrane. Intravenous infusion of hypertonic saline, which remains effectively in the extracellular fluid space, stimulates cellular dehydration more intensely than an equivalent amount of urea, which readily penetrates cell membranes1,2. Rapid intravenous application of a hypertonic solution of sodium chloride brings about a hypertonic expansion of the physiologically active part of the extracellular fluid space3,4. There is evidence that intravenous loading with strongly hypertonic salt solutions is partially dependent on the mean arterial blood pressure if the renal function is not or is only slightly affected.
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