Increased Ruminoreticular Temperature and Body Activity after Foot-and-Mouth Vaccination in Pregnant Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) Cows.

Daehyun Kim,Junkoo Yi,Danil Kim,Chanwoo Lee,Doyoon Kim,Wonhee Lee,Joonho Moon,Jaejung Ha

doi:10.3390/vaccines9111227

Daehyun Kim, Junkoo Yi + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9111227

Copy DOI

Abstract

How does vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) affect pregnant cows? Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing the spread of FMD, but it is linked to sporadic side effects, such as abortion and premature birth, which result in economic loss. In this study, ruminoreticular temperature and body activity were measured before and after FMD vaccination using a ruminoreticular biocapsule sensor in Hanwoo cows at different stages of pregnancy. Compared to the unvaccinated groups, the ruminoreticular temperature increased 12 h after vaccination in the vaccinated groups. This increase in temperature is significantly correlated to vaccination. Compared to the nonpregnant and early pregnancy groups, the ruminoreticular temperature of the late pregnancy group increased sharply by more than 40 °C. Moreover, in nonpregnant and early pregnancy groups, a rapid increase in body activity was observed after FMD vaccinations. Of the 73 pregnant vaccinated cows in the study, a total of five cases had side effects (four abortions and one premature birth). Therefore, changes in the ruminoreticular temperature and activity in pregnant cows can be used as raw data to further clarify the association of FMD vaccination with the loss of a fetus and possibly predict abortion, miscarriage, and premature birth following FMD vaccination.

Highlights

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an infectious disease that causes serious economic losses in the cattle industry and occurs in many countries in North America, Western Europe, South America, and Asia [1]
This study examined 203 cows (63 cows pregnant for over 210 days bred in a space of 10 m2/cow, 72 cows pregnant for over 80 days, and 68 nonpregnant cows both bred in a space of 20 m2/cow) equipped with a ruminoreticular biocapsule sensor and reared in the same farm (Gyeongsangbuk-Do Livestock Research Institute)
The association of ruminoreticular temperature and body activity with FMD vaccination was analyzed in Korean cattle

Summary

Introduction

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an infectious disease that causes serious economic losses in the cattle industry and occurs in many countries in North America, Western Europe, South America, and Asia [1]. There are reports of unfavorable side effects following FMD vaccination in cattle, e.g., early embryo loss, low sperm fertility, decreased milk production, increased acute-phase reaction and anovulation, and increased ruminal temperature in nonpregnant cows [8,9,10,11]. It has been reported that the level of inflammatory cytokines and gene expression can increase due to the acute-phase immune response and that the innate immune response can be induced by the oil-based adjuvant in the FMD vaccine [3,8,12,13]. FMD vaccination 30 days after artificial insemination has been reported to increase rectal temperature, early embryo loss, and haptoglobin levels in the blood of cattle. Increases in temperature and haptoglobin levels are highly correlated with an acute-phase immune response [8,10]

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion