Increased Risk of Bartonella Infections in Humans

Bogdanka Andric,Aleksandar Velkovski,Mileta Golubovic,Mosa Markovic,Milan Jovanovic

doi:10.4236/ojcd.2018.83004

Bogdanka Andric, Aleksandar Velkovski + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.4236/ojcd.2018.83004

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Abstract

Bartonellosis has emerging zoonoses of the Vector Borne Diseases (VBD) complex. Progress in evolution and changes of causer, enabled the expansion, and increased number of clinically manifest forms of disease appearance of severe disseminated forms of infections and co-infections in humans, difficult for diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. The Bartonellosis may have a benign and self-limiting evolution in a host, or potentially fatal infections. Etiological agents can provoke a granulomatous or an angioproliferative histology damages. In severely immunodeficient cases (pulmonary tuberculosis, carcinomatosis, HIV infection, patients who underwent organ transplantation etc.), Bartonella infections can be difficult and often with unpredictable course of the fatal prognosis. Present the large specter of clinical manifestations: prolonged fever, erythema nodosum like syndrome, and the other skin manifestations, sub-acute bacterial endocarditis, difficult pulmonary disturbances, bacillary angiomatosis (BA) and hepatic peliosis (HP), bacteriemia or a combination of these. In period 2007-2015 on Clinic for Infectious Diseases in Podgorica, 25 cases with Bartonella infection were diagnosed. In total sample, the most frequent were diagnosed CSD in 19 cases. During 2015 in two cases with HIV/AIDS infection, BA was diagnosed, and in four cases PH was diagnosed.

Highlights

Candidates B. mayotimonensis and B. melophagi where representively isolated from aortic valve in-patient with culture negative endocarditis and in the blood of patients with symptoms are consistent with bartonellosis [11] [12]
The frequency of diagnosed cases increased significantly in the last two years, when they has registered with the cat scratch disease (CSD) and the first cases of bacillary angiomatosis (BA) and Peliosis hepatis (PH) as well as significantly more severe forms of diseases
The transitory liver disturbances have registered in 67% cases

Summary

Introduction

Bartonellosis has emerging zoonoses of the Vector Borne Diseases (VBD) com-. Progress in evolution and changes of infectious agents enabled the expansion, increased number of clinically manifest forms of disease, appearance of severe disseminated forms of infections and co-infections in humans, difficult for diagnosis, therapy and prognosis [5] [6] [7] [8]. Genus Bartonella (B) presents small Gram-negative bacteriae, identified as causers of humans infection until 1990 (B. hensellae), 1992 (B. quintana). Candidates B. mayotimonensis and B. melophagi where representively isolated from aortic valve in-patient with culture negative endocarditis and in the blood of patients with symptoms are consistent with bartonellosis [11] [12]. B. hensellae, B. quintana, and B. bacilliformis has been isolated most frequent from human’s infections in wide array of clinical syndromes [14] [15] [16]. Recent research confirms co-infective participation of the different Bartonella spp. and subspecies in common infections [17] [18] [19] and Bartonella spp. with large specter of VBD zoonotic agents in human co-infections [20] [21] [22] [23] [24]

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