Increased Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Abstract

There are conflicting data as to whether inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) increase risk for cardiovascular disease. We sought to examine the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and heart failure in patients with IBD. We identified patients diagnosed with IBD in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 1980 through 2010 (n= 736). For each patient, 2 individuals without IBD (controls, n= 1472) were randomly selected, matched for age, sex, and index date of disease diagnosis. Primary outcomes were AMI and heart failure. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to estimate the risk of AMI and heart failure. After adjustments for traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors, IBD associated independently with increased risk of AMI (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.82; 95% CI, 1.98-4.04) and heart failure (aHR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.36-3.03). The relative risk of AMI was significantly increased in patients with Crohn's disease (aHR vs controls, 2.89; 95% CI, 1.65-5.13) or ulcerative colitis (aHR vs controls, 2.70; 1.69-4.35). The relative risk of AMI was increased among users of systemic corticosteroids (aHR vs controls, 5.08; 95% CI, 3.00-8.81) and nonusers (aHR vs controls, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.08-2.98). The relative risk of heart failure was significantly increased among patients with ulcerative colitis (aHR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.18-3.65), but not Crohn's disease. The relative risk of heart failure was increased among users of systemic corticosteroids (aHR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.93-4.57), but not nonusers. In a population-based cohort study, we found that despite a lower prevalence of traditional risk factors for AMI and heart failure, patients with IBD are at increased risk for these cardiovascular disorders.