Abstract
Understanding the effects of precipitation variations on plant biochemical and functional traits is crucial to predict plant adaptation to future climate changes. The dominant species, Stipa glareosa, plays an important role in maintaining the structure and function of plant communities in the desert steppe, Inner Mongolia. However, little is known about how altered precipitation affects biochemical and functional traits of S. glareosa in different communities in the desert steppe. Here, we examined the responses of biochemical and functional traits of S. glareosa in shrub- and grass-dominated communities to experimentally increased precipitation (control, +20%, +40%, and +60%). We found that +40% and +60% increased plant height and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and decreased specific leaf area (SLA) of S. glareosa in grass community. For biochemical traits in grass community, +60% decreased the contents of protein and chlorophyll b (Cb), while +40% increased the relative electrical conductivity and superoxide dismutase. Additionally, +20% increased LDMC and malondialaenyde, and decreased SLA and protein in shrub community. Chlorophyll a, Cb, carotenoids, protein and superoxide dismutase in the grass community differed with shrub community, while +60% caused differences in SLA, LDMC, leaf carbon content, malondialaenyde and peroxidase between two communities. The positive or negative linear patterns were observed between different functional and biochemical traits in grass- rather than shrub-community. Soil water content explained changes in some biochemical traits in the grass community, but not for functional traits. These results suggest that increased precipitation can affect functional traits of S. glareosa in the grass community by altering biochemical traits caused by soil water content. The biochemical and functional traits of S. glareosa were more sensitive to extreme precipitation in grass- than shrub-community in the desert steppe. Our study highlights the important differences in adaptive strategies of S. glareosa in different plant communities at the same site to precipitation changes.
Highlights
Global climate changes are increasingly altering precipitation patterns in different regions [1].Some climate change models have predicted that the future precipitation will increase in arid areas [2,3], which further affects community structure and assembly
We found that S. glareosa responded to increased precipitation by changing plant height, specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) in the grass community, which supports that the SLA and LDMC are two key functional traits reflecting plant adaption, because they are more sensitive to environmental changes than other functional traits [28,29]
Extreme precipitation could alter functional traits and biochemical traits (Cb, protein content, relative electrical conductivity (REC) and SOD) of S. glareosa in the grass community, while four functional and biochemical traits in the shrub community responded to increased precipitation with low intensity
Summary
Some climate change models have predicted that the future precipitation will increase in arid areas [2,3], which further affects community structure and assembly. Increasing precipitation increases plant height, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf carbon content (LCC) and leaf nitrogen content (LNC), while decreasing leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and leaf thickness, suggesting that plants can adapt to precipitation changes by altering the specific traits [4,6,7]. These results are usually obtained from relatively humid areas. There is a growing need to study how plant functional traits respond to increased precipitation in drylands, which is helpful to understand plant adaption to future precipitation changes
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