Abstract
BackgroundIt has been proposed that abnormal postprandial plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) metabolism may participate in the development of tissue lipotoxicity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We previously found that non-diabetic offspring of two parents with T2D display increased plasma NEFA appearance and oxidation rates during intravenous administration of a fat emulsion. However, it is currently unknown whether plasma NEFA appearance and oxidation are abnormal during the postprandial state in these subjects at high-risk of developing T2D.MethodologyPalmitate appearance and oxidation rates and glycerol appearance rate were determined in eleven healthy offspring of two parents with T2D (positive family history, FH+), 13 healthy subjects without first-degree relatives with T2D (FH-) and 12 subjects with T2D at fasting, during normoglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp and during continuous oral intake of a standard liquid meal to achieve steady postprandial NEFA and triacylglycerols (TG) without and with insulin infusion to maintain similar glycemia in all three groups.Principal FindingsPlasma palmitate appearance and oxidation were higher at fasting and during the clamp conditions in the T2D group (all P<0.05). In the postprandial state, palmitate appearance, oxidative and non oxidative rates were all elevated in T2D (all P<0.05) but not in FH+. Both T2D and FH+ displayed elevated postprandial TG vs. FH- (P<0.001). Acute correction of hyperglycemia during the postprandial state did not affect these group differences. Increased waist circumference and BMI were positively associated with elevated postprandial plasma palmitate appearance and oxidation.Conclusions/SignificancePostprandial plasma NEFA intolerance observed in subjects with T2D is not fully established in non-diabetic offspring of both parents with T2D, despite the presence of increased postprandial plasma TG in the later. Elevated postprandial plasma NEFA appearance and oxidation in T2D is observed despite acute correction of the exaggerated glycemic excursion in this group.
Highlights
Offspring of two parents with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have a very high lifetime risk of developing overt T2D [1]
We showed that this « nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) intolerance » was linked to defective non-oxidative plasma NEFA metabolism, i.e. possibly reduced adipose tissue NEFA storage, and was unlikely to involve a defect in insulin-mediated suppression of intracellular lipolysis
We report here that FH+, a population at very high lifetime risk of developing T2D [1], do not display abnormal fasting or postprandial glycerol and NEFA metabolism compared to FH
Summary
Offspring of two parents with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have a very high lifetime risk of developing overt T2D [1]. We have recently shown that in offspring of both parents with T2D (FH+), plasma NEFA appearance and oxidation rate both increase significantly during intravenous infusion of heparin + Intralipid [4] We showed that this « NEFA intolerance » was linked to defective non-oxidative plasma NEFA metabolism, i.e. possibly reduced adipose tissue NEFA storage, and was unlikely to involve a defect in insulin-mediated suppression of intracellular lipolysis. We previously found that non-diabetic offspring of two parents with T2D display increased plasma NEFA appearance and oxidation rates during intravenous administration of a fat emulsion It is currently unknown whether plasma NEFA appearance and oxidation are abnormal during the postprandial state in these subjects at high-risk of developing T2D
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