Increased plasma viscosity prolongs microhemodynamic conditions during small volume resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock

Abstract

Systemic and microvascular hemodynamic responses to hemorrhagic shock resuscitation with hypertonic saline (HTS, 7.5% NaCl) followed with a small volume of plasma expander were studied in the hamster window chamber model to determine the role of plasma expander viscosity in the acute resuscitation outcome. Moderate hemorrhagic shock was induced by arterial controlled bleeding of 50% of blood volume (BV) and the hypovolemic state was maintained for 1 h. Volume restitution was performed by infusion of HTS, 3.5% of BV followed by 10% of BV plasma expanders. Resuscitation was followed for 90 min. The experimental groups were named based on the plasma expanders infused after the HTS, namely: [Hextend], Hextend (6% Hetastarch 670 kDa in lactated electrolyte solution, 4 cp), [Hextend+V], Hextend with viscosity enhanced by the addition of 0.4% alginate, 8 cp, and [NVR] no volume resuscitation as control group. Measurement of systemic parameters, microvascular hemodynamics and capillary perfusion were performed during hemorrhage, shock and resuscitation. Restitution with Hextend yielded the higher mean arterial pressure (MAP), followed by Hextend+V and NVR. Increasing plasma viscosity did not increase peripheral vascular resistance. Functional capillary density (FCD) was higher for Hextend+V than Hextend and NVR. The level of restoration of acid-base balance correlated with microvascular perfusion and was significantly improved with Hextend+V when compared to Hextend and NVR. These results suggest the importance of restoration of blood rheological properties through enhancing plasma viscosity, influencing the re-establishment of microvascular perfusion during small volume resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock.