Increased Peatland Nutrient Availability Following the Fort McMurray Horse River Wildfire

Beest Beest,Petrone Petrone,Nwaishi Nwaishi,Waddington Waddington,Macrae Macrae

doi:10.3390/d11090142

Beest Beest, Petrone Petrone + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/d11090142

Copy DOI

Abstract

Northern peatlands are experiencing increased wildfire disturbance, threatening peatland biogeochemical function and ability to remain major stores of carbon (C) and macronutrients (nitrogen—N, and phosphorus—P). The impacts of climate change-driven drying on peatland nutrient dynamics have been explored previously; however, the impacts of wildfire on nutrient dynamics have not been examined when comparing burned and unburned areas in a post-fire fen. This study assessed the impact of wildfire on N and P bioavailability, change in CNP stoichiometric balance and feedback on plant nutrient limitation patterns in a fen peatland, one-year post-wildfire, by comparing Burned and Unburned areas. Water extractable P increased up to 200 times in shallow leachate, 125 times in groundwater and 5 times in peat. Surface ash leachate had increased concentrations in Ammonium (NH4+) and Nitrate (NO3−), and through groundwater mobility, increased extractable N concentrations were observed in peat throughout the entire fen. The net mineralization of N and P were minimal at the Burned areas relative to Unburned areas. Fire affected plant nutrient limitation patterns, switching from dominantly N-limited to NP co-limited and P-limitation in moss and vascular species respectively. The top 20 cm of the Burned area C concentrations was higher relative to the Unburned area, with increased CN and CP ratios also being found in the Burned area. These findings suggest that the long-term effects of elevated C, N, and P concentrations on plant productivity and decomposition must be re-evaluated for fire disturbance to understand the resiliency of peatland biogeochemistry post-wildfire.

Highlights

Peatlands cover approximately 12% of Canada’s land surface and are an important feature in the western boreal forest (WBF) of Canada [1]
There was no significant difference in total P concentrations in shallow leachate between Burned and Unburned areas, it appears that burning still had an effect, as it reversed trends between microforms (Figure 2), where higher TP concentrations were observed in the Unburned hummocks, but in the Burned areas, hollows had higher concentrations
No significant temporal trends were observed for the inorganic N forms; TDN and SRP increased toward the end of the season this was apparent at both the Burned and Unburned areas

Summary

Introduction

Peatlands cover approximately 12% of Canada’s land surface and are an important feature in the western boreal forest (WBF) of Canada [1]. Fens cover 63% of boreal peatlands and store over half of the carbon (C) stock [2,3]. Fen ecosystems functions such as C sequestration, macro nutrient retention, and improvement of downstream water quality are threatened due to anthropogenic climate change, leading to warmer and drier conditions [4]. Peatland drying leads to lower water table (WT) positions, increasing the vulnerability of boreal peatlands to wildfire and smoldering combustion carbon losses. Extreme combustion has been linked to accelerated post-fire peat oxidation which reinforces the drying and lowering of the WT [5].

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion