Increased long non-coding RNA NORAD reflects serious cardiovascular stenosis, aggravated inflammation status, and higher lipid level in coronary heart disease.

Abstract

Long non-coding RNA activated by DNA damage (lnc-NORAD) modulates inflammation, lipid level, and atherosclerosis in various cardiovascular diseases. This study intended to investigate the dysregulated expression of lnc-NORAD, and its linkage with clinical characteristics, inflammatory cytokines, and accumulating major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. Totally, 160 CHD patients, 30 disease controls (DCs), and 30 healthy controls (HCs) were included. The reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect lnc-NORAD expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from all participants. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to detect proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules in CHD patients. Then, MACE was recorded during a median follow-up of 12 (range: 1.0-27.0) months. Lnc-NORAD was highest in CHD patients, followed by DCs, and lowest in HCs (p < 0.001). In CHD patients, lnc-NORAD was positively linked with Gensini score (p=0.001). Meanwhile, lnc-NORAD was positively linked to C-reactive protein (p=0.023), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (p=0.016), interleukin (IL)-6 (p=0.003), IL-8 (P=0.018), and IL-17A (p=0.029). No relation of lnc-NORAD with vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (p=0.094) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (p=0.060) was found. Furthermore, lnc-NORAD was positively related to total cholesterol (p=0.014) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p=0.004), whereas lnc-NORAD was not linked to triglyceride (p=0.103) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p=0.533). However, lnc-NORAD (high vs. low), and its higher quartiles were both not linked to accumulating MACE rate (p > 0.05). Increased lnc-NORAD is linked with aggravated stenosis degree, inflammation status, and blood lipid in CHD patients. However, further validation is required.