Abstract
The inflammatory process plays a major role in the prognosis of dengue. In this context, the eicosanoids may have considerable influence on the regulation of the Dengue virus-induced inflammatory process. To quantify the molecules involved in the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways during Dengue virus infection, plasma levels of thromboxane A2, prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4; mRNA levels of thromboxane A2 synthase, prostaglandin E2 synthase, leukotriene A4 hydrolase, cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase; and the levels of lipid bodies in peripheral blood leukocytes collected from IgM-positive and IgM-negative volunteers with mild dengue, and non-infected volunteers, were evaluated. Dengue virus infection increases the levels of thromboxane A2 in IgM-positive individuals as well as the amount of lipid bodies in monocytes in IgM-negative individuals. We suggest that increased levels of thromboxane A2 in IgM-positive individuals plays a protective role against the development of severe symptoms of dengue, such as vascular leakage.
Highlights
Dengue is an arthropod-borne viral disease caused by any of the four Dengue virus (DENV)serotypes (DENV-1 to -4)
We demonstrated that DENV infection may induce increased levels of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) in IgM-positive dengue patients as well as an increased amount of lipid bodies (LBs) in the monocytes of IgM-negative dengue patients, suggesting that the balance of TXA2 and IgM levels plays a protective role against the development of severe symptoms of dengue, such as vascular leakage
DENV infection was confirmed in the volunteers when at least one of the following tests was positive: (a) Dengue Virus NS1 ELISA (Euroimmun, Luebeck, Germany); (b) Anti-Dengue Virus ELISA (IgM) (Euroimmun); and (c) TRIOPLEX Dengue/Zika/ChikV
Summary
Dengue is an arthropod-borne viral disease caused by any of the four Dengue virus (DENV). This virus belongs to the Flaviviridae family and is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. Dengue occurs in more than 128 countries in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide and is considered the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease affecting humans [1]. It is estimated that 3.9 billion people are at risk for DENV infection. An estimated 500,000 people with dengue require hospitalization each year, and approximately 2.5% of those affected will die [2]. After an incubation period of 4–8 days, DENV can induce a wide spectrum of illness, with most cases being asymptomatic or subclinical. Most patients recover after a self-limiting illness, while a small proportion of patients progresses to a severe disease state, which is primarily
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