Abstract
PurposeThe incidence of neuroendocrine neoplasms is increasing. This work aimed at: (i) establishing worldwide incidence trend of low-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms; (ii) defining the incidence and temporal trend of high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms in USA utilizing the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database; (iii) comparing trends for low-grade vs. high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms.MethodsWe conducted a literature search on MEDLINE and Scopus databases and incidence trends were plotted for 1973-2012. The Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database was used to identify incidence rates in USA for 1973-2012. Incidence rates were stratified according to histological grade, gender and ethnicity. Trends were summarized as annual percent change and corresponding 95% confidence interval.Results11 studies were identified involving 72,048 cases; neuroendocrine neoplasm incidence rates increased over time in all countries for all sites, except for appendix. In Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results low-grade neuroendocrine neoplasm incidence rate increased from 1.09 in 1973 to 3.51 per 100,000 in 2012. During this interval, high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasm incidence rate increased from 2.54 to 10.52 per 100,000. African Americans had the highest rates of digestive neuroendocrine neoplasms with male prevalence in high-grade.ConclusionsOur data indicate an increase in the incidence of neuroendocrine neoplasms as a worldwide phenomenon, affecting most anatomical sites and involving both low-grade and high-grade neoplasms.
Highlights
Neuroendocrine define those neoplasms exclusively made by cells with a neuroendocrine phenotype, i.e., expressing markers of neuroendocrine differentiation like chromogranin A, synaptophysin, neuron specific enolase and others including hormones
Our data indicate an increase in the incidence of neuroendocrine neoplasms as a worldwide phenomenon, affecting most anatomical sites and involving both lowgrade and high-grade neoplasms
neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) neuroendocrine neoplasm, ICD-O International Classification of Disease for Oncology, SEER Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (§) New histology codes (ICD-O-3) for neuroendocrine tumor (NET), in use since 2001. (#) In the present study we report the trends in incidence of NEN in The Netherlands excluding small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (G3-SCNEC) to make data comparable with other studies
Summary
Neuroendocrine define those neoplasms exclusively made by cells with a neuroendocrine phenotype, i.e., expressing markers of neuroendocrine differentiation like chromogranin A, synaptophysin, neuron specific enolase and others including hormones. Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) may develop at any anatomical site [1]. The present paper focuses on NENs of the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) tract. The current World Health Organization (WHO) classification of GEP NENs defines neuroendocrine tumor (NET) as well differentiated low to intermediate grade, and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) as high grade neoplasms, poorly differentiated in phenotype [2]. In the last four decades, incremental trends were reported in various populations for NENs overall and for specific primary sites [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]. Seminal papers were generated from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program of the US collecting cancer information since 1973, probably one of the most complete cancer registry publicly available in western countries [9, 17]
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