Abstract
The incidence of ectopic pregnancy after assisted reproductive technology is increased approximately 2.5–5-fold compared with natural conceptions.Strategies were used to decrease the incidence of ectopic pregnancy, but ectopic pregnancy still occurs. In the present study, women were selected with decreased ovarian reserve (defined as FSH > 10 IU/L) aged 20 to 38 years who underwent IVF-ET between 2009 and 2014. These 2,061 women were age-matched with an equal number of women with normal ovarian reserve (defined as FSH ≤ 10 IU/L). During cycles following fresh embryo transfer, 93 patients were diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy in clinical pregnancies was significantly higher in the decreased ovarian reserve than in the normal ovarian reserve group (5.51% vs. 2.99%). After adjusting for confounding factors, the incidence of ectopic pregnancy was significantly associated with decreased ovarian reserve. Our results showed that decreased ovarian reserve is an independent risk factor for ectopic pregnancy after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.
Highlights
The incidence of ectopic pregnancy (EP) is 1.0%–2.0% of all pregnancies, the diagnosis can be difficult due to unusual locations and it carries a serious health risk to pregnant women [1, 2]
Our results showed that decreased ovarian reserve is an independent risk factor for ectopic pregnancy after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer
Our retrospective study showed that decreased ovarian reserve (DOR) is an independent risk factor for EP after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET)
Summary
The incidence of ectopic pregnancy (EP) is 1.0%–2.0% of all pregnancies, the diagnosis can be difficult due to unusual locations and it carries a serious health risk to pregnant women [1, 2]. The use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) increases the incidence of EP. Studies have shown that the use of assisted hatching, higher transfer volume, deep fundal transfer, day of embryo transfer, changes in endometrial receptivity, and multiple embryo transfer increase the incidence of EP [6, 7]. Women of the same age may possess different responses to ovarian stimulation, leading to a variation in the reproductive potential. Women of reproductive age with regular menses who respond poorly to ovarian stimulation or fecundity compared with others of the same age are defined as having decreased ovarian reserve (DOR) [8]. Women with DOR display decreased fertilization rates and increased blastocyst aneuploidy and miscarriage rates [10, 11]. With DOR and those with normal ovarian reserve (NOR) following IVF-ET
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