Abstract
BackgroundBovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes severe economic losses and is one of the most important viral pathogens of ruminants worldwide. The infection manifests itself in a variety of clinical symptoms. Phylogenetic studies based mainly on 5’UTR of its genome, identified many different subtypes of BVDV. Previous study indicated the predominance of BVDV-1b and BVDV-1d in Poland. The aim of this study was to genotype BVDV isolates currently circulating in Polish dairy herds.ResultsBVDV was detected in 30 herds. Viral subtypes were identified using sequences of the 5’UTR fragment and they were confirmed within a fragment of the Npro region. Seven subtypes of BVDV-1 species have been identified: 1b, 1 g, 1f, 1d, 1r, 1 s and 1e.ConclusionThe number of subtypes of BVDV in Poland evolves and 2 new subtypes have been identified for the first time. Such studies may have a positive impact on successful eradication of the virus using effective vaccines and diagnostic tests.
Highlights
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes severe economic losses and is one of the most important viral pathogens of ruminants worldwide
Among them are: HoBi-like pestiviruses identified first in batches of contaminated foetal calf serum [2] and in calves and aborted fetuses [3, 4], giraffe pestivirus associated with the outbreak of mucosal-like disease in Kenyan giraffes [5], Bungowannah virus detected in pig herds in Australia where stillbirth foetuses and neonatal deaths were observed [6] and Pronghorn virus, isolated from a pronghorn antelope in the United States [7]
Positive results in Reverse transcription (RT)-Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for BVDV were obtained for 63 samples from 30 farms in all 8 provinces tested
Summary
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes severe economic losses and is one of the most important viral pathogens of ruminants worldwide. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) belongs to Pestivirus genus in the Flaviviridae family [1]. There are reports of novel pestiviruses in other animal species like rats and bats [8, 9] This wide range of pestiviruses infecting different animal species is BVDV is an important pathogen of cattle worldwide with significant economic impact [10]. BVDV infection of seronegative and pregnant females during the first 40–120 days of pregnancy may lead to the birth of persistently infected (PI) calves They remain infected for life and shed the virus in high titre, ensuring the persistence of BVDV in the herd if they are not removed immediately after identification
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