Abstract
The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is a standard cytogenetic tool employed to evaluate chromosomal damage subsequent to pesticide exposure. To evaluate the pooled levels of total micronuclei (MN) and binucleated cells with micronuclei (MNC) in 1000 binucleated lymphocytes among population occupationally exposed to pesticides and further determine the more sensitive biomarker of CBMN. A meta-analysis on the pooled levels of MN and MNC in binucleated lymphocytes among occupationally pesticide-exposed populations was conducted using STATA 10.0 software and Review Manager 5.0.24 in this study. We found significant differences in frequencies of MN and MNC in 1000 binucleated lymphocytes between pesticide-exposed groups and controls, and the summary estimates of weighted mean difference were 6.82 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 4.86-8.78] and 5.08 (95% CI: 2.93-7.23), respectively. However, when we conducted sensitivity analyses further, only the MN remained statistically different, but not the MNC, the summary estimates of weight mean difference were 2.86 (95% CI: 2.51-3.21) and 0.50 (95% CI: -0.16-1.17), respectively. We also observed pesticide-exposed subjects had significantly higher MN frequencies than controls among smokers and nonsmokers, male and female populations, and American, Asian and European countries in stratified analyses. The frequency of MN in peripheral blood lymphocytes might be a more sensitive indicator of early genetic effects than MNC using the CBMN assay for occupationally pesticide- exposed populations.
Highlights
Pesticides are a group of natural or synthetic chemical substances, being designated to fight against plagues that generally attack, harm or transmit illness to living organisms including humans
Criteria of literature inclusion: (1) The papers should be published in English; (2) The genetic damage was assessed by cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay in human peripheral blood lymphocytes; (3) The papers should include occupational exposure to pesticides and the frequency of MN or MNC in peripheral blood lymphocytes; (4) The paper must offer the exposed group and control group; (5) The paper must offer the size of the sample, arithmetic means and standard deviations (SD) or the information that can help infer the results; (5) When more than one article was identified for the same study population, we included the most recent population or publication including more information
CBMN assay in human peripheral blood lymphocytes was firstly established by Fenech in 1985, which had several advantages such as speed and ease of analysis, no requirement for metaphase cells and reliable identification of cells that have completed only one nuclear division, comparing with chromosomal aberrations and the conventional micronucleus (Fenech, 1997)
Summary
Pesticides are a group of natural or synthetic chemical substances, being designated to fight against plagues that generally attack, harm or transmit illness to living organisms including humans. Since they are extensively used throughout the world, large amounts of pesticides are set free into the environment annually. Objectives: To evaluate the pooled levels of total micronuclei (MN) and binucleated cells with micronuclei (MNC) in 1000 binucleated lymphocytes among population occupationally exposed to pesticides and further determine the more sensitive biomarker of CBMN. Results: We found significant differences in frequencies of MN and MNC in 1000 binucleated lymphocytes between pesticide-exposed groups and controls, and the summary estimates of weighted mean difference were 6.82 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 4.86-8.78] and 5.08 (95% CI: 2.93-7.23), respectively. Conclusions: The frequency of MN in peripheral blood lymphocytes might be a more sensitive indicator of early genetic effects than MNC using the CBMN assay for occupationally pesticideexposed populations
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