Abstract
The thickness of films formed by oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions under confined conditions can be tens of nanometers, which is much thicker than that formed by pure water. Film thickness can increase even more with limited lubricant supply, especially for O/W emulsions with a low oil percentage. The central film thickness of a 1% oil emulsion can increase to up to 2.4 times its initial value. In this paper, the film-forming behavior and mechanism driven by the competitive wetting behavior of oil and water are investigated and discussed.
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