Abstract
PurposeThe aims of this study were to evaluate the clinical significance and potential prognostic value of pregnancy up-regulated non-ubiquitous calmodulin kinase (PNCK) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients.Materials and MethodsThe expression of PNCK mRNA was determined in 24 paired samples of ccRCCs and adjacent normal tissues using real-time RT-PCR. The expression of PNCK was determined in 248 samples of ccRCCs and 92 paired samples of adjacent normal tissues by immunohistochemical analysis. Statistical analysis was performed to define the relationship between PNCK expression and the clinical features of ccRCC.ResultsThe mRNA level of PNCK was significantly higher in tumorous tissues than in the adjacent non-tumorous tissues (p<0.001). An immunohistochemical analysis of 92 paired tissue specimens showed that PNCK expression was higher in tumorous tissues than in the adjacent non-tumorous tissues (p<0.001). Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the PNCK expression and various clinicopathological parameters such as Fuhrman grade (p = 0.011), tumor size (p<0.001), T stage (p<0.001) and N stage (p = 0.015). Patients with higher PNCK expression had shorter overall survival time than those with lower PNCK expression (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that PNCK expression was an independent predictor for poor survival of ccRCC patients.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study that determines the relationship between PNCK and prognosis in ccRCC. We found that increased PNCK expression is associated with poor prognosis in ccRCC. PNCK may represent a novel prognostic marker for ccRCC.
Highlights
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 3–4% of all human malignancies and it is the 10th leading cause of cancer related death in men. [1] RCC comprises a heterogeneous group of epithelial neoplasms with diverse biologic potential and variable clinical outcomes. [2] clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of RCC that occurs in adults and associated with worse prognosis compared with other two major subtypes of chromophobe and papillary RCC. [3,4] And the 5-year disease-specific survival rate is 50–69%, compared with 67–87% for papillary RCC and 78– 87% for chromophobe RCC. [5,6].The radical or partial nephrectomy remains the mainstay of curative treatment
Multivariate analysis indicated that pregnancy upregulated non-ubiquitous calmodulin kinase (PNCK) expression was an independent predictor for poor survival of ccRCC patients
To our knowledge, this is the first study that determines the relationship between PNCK and prognosis in ccRCC
Summary
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 3–4% of all human malignancies and it is the 10th leading cause of cancer related death in men. [1] RCC comprises a heterogeneous group of epithelial neoplasms with diverse biologic potential and variable clinical outcomes. [2] ccRCC is the most common type of RCC that occurs in adults and associated with worse prognosis compared with other two major subtypes of chromophobe and papillary RCC. [3,4] And the 5-year disease-specific survival rate is 50–69%, compared with 67–87% for papillary RCC and 78– 87% for chromophobe RCC. [5,6].The radical or partial nephrectomy remains the mainstay of curative treatment. [2] ccRCC is the most common type of RCC that occurs in adults and associated with worse prognosis compared with other two major subtypes of chromophobe and papillary RCC. [3,4] And the 5-year disease-specific survival rate is 50–69%, compared with 67–87% for papillary RCC and 78– 87% for chromophobe RCC. The radical or partial nephrectomy remains the mainstay of curative treatment. To date, targeted therapy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors are widely used as first- and second-line treatments in advanced RCC. Most of the treatments are not curative and side effects associated with targeted therapy can not be ignored.[7,8,9,10,11,12] new correlative markers and therapeutic agents are always awaited
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