Abstract
Infertility in humans at their reproductive age is a world-wide problem. Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is generally used in such cases to acquire the embryo in assisted reproductive technology (ART). However, the differences between an in vivo (IVO) and IVM culture environment in the RNA expression profile in oocytes, remains unclear. In this study, we compared the global RNA transcription pattern of oocytes from in vitro and in vivo maturation. Our results showed that 1,864 genes differentially expressed between the IVO and IVM oocytes. Among these, 1,638 genes were up-regulated, and 226 genes were down-regulated, and these changes were mainly divided into environmental adaption, metabolism, and genetic expression. Our detailed analysis showed that the expression of genes that belonged to metabolism-related processes such as energy metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism was changed; and these genes also belonged to organismal systems including environmental adaptation and the circulatory system; moreover, we also found that the relative gene expression of genetic expression processes, such as protein synthesis, modification, and DNA replication and repair were also altered. In conclusion, our data suggests that in vitro maturation of mouse oocyte resulted in metabolism and genetic expression changes due to environmental changes compared with in vivo matured oocytes.
Highlights
Oocyte meiotic maturation is an important process of oocyte quality control
We counted the overlapping genes in the in vivo (IVO) group and in vitro maturation (IVM) group, and we found that there are 7,460 genes detected in both groups (Figure 1B)
1,864 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out by log2(Fold Change) ≥2.0, among which 1,638 genes were highly expressed in the IVM group and 226 genes were highly expressed in the IVO group (Figure 1D) This is shown by the data analysis of the volcano plot (Figure 1E)
Summary
Oocyte meiotic maturation is an important process of oocyte quality control. This process is initiated during the germinal vesicle (GV) stage, and the oocyte undergoes germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and metaphase I, and is arrested at metaphase II until fertilization (Greenstein, 2005). Most basic research for oocyte maturation is based on the in vitro maturation (IVM) approach (Coticchio, 2016). Due to the high infertility rates worldwide, in vitro maturation is widely applied in clinics of reproductive medicine centers (Cha and Chian, 1998). Transcriptome Analysis for IVM Oocytes thousands of babies have been born using the IVM procedure, and a few clinical follow-up studies have shown no significant abnormalities in these babies compared with those conceived using conventional IVM treatment (Chian et al, 2014; Yang and Chian, 2017)
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