Increased depression risk for elderly women with high blood levels of strontium and barium

Abstract

There are few epidemiological studies on the relationships between trace element exposure and depression in the elderly Chinese population. We studied the levels of strontium (Sr), manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), barium (Ba), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) in whole blood, and the relationships between trace element exposure and depressive symptoms in elderly Chinese individuals in a community. Data was obtained from the baseline investigation of the Health of Elderly and Environment Risk Factor Cohort, established in Lu'an municipality, Anhui Province, China, from June to September 2016. The levels of eight trace elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), reflecting individuals’ exposure levels. The geriatric depression scale (GDS-30) was applied to screen depression in the elderly cohort. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between trace elements and depressive symptoms. All analyses were stratified by sex. Results show that among of 954 elderly participants, 27.13%, had depressive symptoms according to the GDS-30. The detection rate of Al was 91.70%, the detection rate of Ti was 89.55%, and the detection rate of other six mineral elements was 94.12–94.31%. High concentrations of Sr and Ba were found to be risk factors for depressive symptoms. Sr and Ba tertiles were related to an increased risk of depressive symptoms, with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.84 and 2.15 for the highest tertiles, respectively. When stratified by sex, increased whole blood levels of Sr and Ba were associated with depressive symptoms in women, but not in men.