Abstract
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) was co-fed into the catalytic pyrolysis (CP) of mandarin peel (MP) over different microporous catalysts, HY and HZSM-5, with different pore and acid properties. Although the non-catalytic decomposition temperature of MP was not changed during catalytic thermogravimetric analysis over both catalysts, that of HDPE was reduced from 465 °C to 379 °C over HY and to 393 °C over HZSM-5 because of their catalytic effects. When HDPE was co-pyrolyzed with MP over the catalysts, the catalytic decomposition temperatures of HDPE were increased to 402 °C over HY and 408 °C over HZSM-5. The pyrolyzer-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry results showed that the main pyrolyzates of MP and HDPE, which comprised a large amount of oxygenates and aliphatic hydrocarbons with a wide carbon range, were converted efficiently to aromatics using HY and HZSM-5. Although HY can provide easier diffusion of the reactants to the catalyst pore and a larger amount of acid sites than HZSM-5, the CP of MP, HDPE, and their mixture over HZSM-5 revealed higher efficiency on aromatics formation than those over HY due to the strong acidity and more appropriate shape selectivity of HZSM-5. The production of aromatics from the catalytic co-pyrolysis of MP and HDPE was larger than the theoretical amounts, suggesting the synergistic effect of HDPE co-feeding for the increased formation of aromatics during the CP of MP.
Highlights
Biomass pyrolysis is considered as a promising technology because biomass can be converted to bio-oil at medium high temperatures between 400 and 600 ◦ C under a non-oxygen atmosphere [1].The increased use of biochar produced as a byproduct of biomass pyrolysis is elevating the value of biomass pyrolysis [2]
Py-GC/Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis for the same samples was performed at 600 ◦ C to understand the effect of the catalytic co-pyrolysis (CCP) by comparing the yields of aromatics produced from the catalytic pyrolysis of mandarin peel (MP), High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), and their mixture
HDPE was decomposed at a narrow temperature range between 397 and 495 ◦ C (H)
Summary
Biomass pyrolysis is considered as a promising technology because biomass can be converted to bio-oil at medium high temperatures between 400 and 600 ◦ C under a non-oxygen atmosphere [1]. The CCP of citrus peels and plastics can be considered as a potential for increasing the final yield of aromatics, there are no reports of this process being applied to the CCP of MP. The CFP of MP, high density PE (HDPE), and their mixture over HY and HZSM-5, having different pore and acidity, was investigated using a thermogravimetric (TG) analyzer and pyrolyzer-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) to know the effect of catalysts and co-feeding of MP and HDPE on aromatics production. Py-GC/MS analysis for the same samples was performed at 600 ◦ C to understand the effect of the CCP by comparing the yields of aromatics produced from the catalytic pyrolysis of MP, HDPE, and their mixture
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