Abstract
Quadrato Motor Training (QMT) is a new training paradigm, which was found to increase cognitive flexibility, creativity and spatial cognition. In addition, QMT was reported to enhance inter- and intra-hemispheric alpha coherence as well as Fractional Anisotropy (FA) in a number of white matter pathways including corpus callosum. Taken together, these results seem to suggest that electrophysiological and structural changes induced by QMT may be due to an enhanced interplay and communication of the different brain areas within and between the right and the left hemisphere. In order to test this hypothesis using the exact low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA), we estimated the current neural density and lagged linear connectivity (LLC) of the alpha band in the resting state electroencephalography (rsEEG) recorded with open (OE) and closed eyes (CE) at three different time points, following 6 and 12 weeks of daily QMT. Significant changes were observed for the functional connectivity. In particular, we found that limbic and fronto-temporal alpha connectivity in the OE condition increased after 6 weeks, while it enhanced at the CE condition in occipital network following 12-weeks of daily training. These findings seem to show that the QMT may have dissociable long-term effects on the functional connectivity depending on the different ways of recording rsEEG. OE recording pointed out a faster onset of Linear Lag Connectivity modulations that tend to decay as quickly, while CE recording showed sensible effect only after the complete 3-months training.
Highlights
Quadrato Motor Training (QMT) is a new training paradigm, which was found to increase cognitive flexibility and attention in contrast to simple motor training (SMT) and mental training (Ben-Soussan et al, 2013, 2015, 2017)
During baseline α1 band selectively peaked in the right posterior areas, while α2 oscillation was more pronounced in the left middle frontal gyrus (B.A. 10; MNI coord: −45, 50 and 5)
Using conventional EEG approaches it was already demonstrated that QMT increases alpha coherence, as well as ideational flexibility (Ben-Soussan et al, 2013, 2015)
Summary
Quadrato Motor Training (QMT) is a new training paradigm, which was found to increase cognitive flexibility and attention in contrast to simple motor training (SMT) and mental training (Ben-Soussan et al, 2013, 2015, 2017). QMT involves a series of cognitive and mental operation, which required dividing attention between the motor response for producing the correct sequences of movement and the current location of the body within the Quadrato Space. Previous studies have shown that QMT improves reaction times, cognitive flexibility and spatial cognition, in contrast to SMT or verbal training following a session or a month of daily QMT training (Ben-Soussan et al, 2013, 2015). QMT was further found to improve emotional well-being (Ben-Soussan et al, 2015) and in addition, QMT increased emotional regulation following a month of daily training, in contrast to a SMT (Ben-Soussan, 2014) and to have greater effects as compared to breathing meditation (Paoletti et al, in press)
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