Increase the WSN-Lifespan Used in Monitoring Forest Fires by PSO

Abstract

The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become the most cost-effective monitoring solution due to their low cost, despite their major drawback of limited power due to dependence on batteries. Clustering is one of the successful solutions for extending the life of the WSN. Where optimal CH selection results in an increase in the lifetime of WSN. The paper discusses a strategy for field deployment of nodes in the form of clusters and a method for Cluster Head (CH) selection using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The method employs a fitness function to select the optimum CHs for cluster nodes. This paper simulates a case study for the early detection of forest fires and demonstrates how to extend the lifetime of a WSN by utilizing the proposed PSO algorithm.