Increase Potential of Environmental Stresses and Climatic Risk of Heavy Metals in Plants and Control through Nanotechnology Advances

Abstract

Different heavy salts accumulated in the soil causing the soil salinity and damage the biological processing occurring in plants such as photosynthesis and light reactions. Climate changes also promote the accumulation of heavy metals by promoting the chemicals substances in the leaves and roots cells that causing the chlorosis. Coal combustion release the large amount of mercury metals that acting as toxic for the plants. There is need to design the biological and mechanical processing the removal of salts and toxic wastes from surfaces in such a way that no eruptions of plant materials occur at the surfaces. Nanotechnology employed the nanoparticles to capture the toxic metals through biological and chemical process that is more reliable and less expensive. A large variety of nanoparticles in the form of nanobased graphene oxides, graphite oxides and CNT, mesoporous silica materials have been used for controlling the pollution caused by heavy metals. These nanoparticles are compatible for the plant growth by suppressing the crop diseases by acting directly on phytopathogens. Therefore, it is reliable for controlling the risk of environmental pollution caused by heavy metals.