Abstract
Intense Tm3+ blue upconversion emission has been observed in Tm3+–Yb3+ codoped fluoroindate glasses under direct excitation into Tm3+ ions with a diode laser at 796 nm. The dependence of the intensity of this upconversion emission on the Tm3+ and Yb3+ concentration has been studied in order to determine the optimum ion concentrations and the involved mechanisms. The blue upconversion emission is highly increased with the Yb3+ concentration. For fixed Yb3+ concentrations, the maximum upconversion efficiency was obtained with Tm3+ concentration of about 0.5 mol%. For this optimum Tm3+ concentration, the upconversion emission intensity is increased by a factor about 100 by codoping with 2.25 mol% of Yb3+. The results are well explained by a proposed rate equation model.
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