Abstract
The paper studies the features of biomass energy use and presents the main directions of biogas application. It is shown the connection between the main indicators of biogas quality and the possibility of its use in various technological processes. The relevance of improving the quality of biomethane used for synthesis of high purity hydrogen is substantiated. The classification of the methods for separation and purification of methane-containing gas mixtures is given, their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Comparative characteristics of the presented methods for cleaning quality, specific energy costs, and design features are given. A method of short cycle free adsorption for bio-gas purification is proposed as the most economically feasible for small capacity plants. The main types of industrial adsorbents are considered. The dependence of sorption properties on the effective pore diameters of sorbent materials is shown. The distinctive features of adsorption in microporous structures are noted. The most significant of these features is the high value of the adsorption energy in comparison with adsorption materials having larger pores in the structure. Among microporous adsorbents, zeolites are identified as the most promising. The adsorption properties of synthetic and natural zeolites are analyzed. The theoretical bases of the adsorption purification processes are considered, the adsorption competition of the main macrocomponents of the gas mixture being cleaned is evaluated. The scheme of the experimental installation and the process of separation and purification of biogas using natural zeolite as an adsorbent are described. The results of application of a natural zeolite for the production of high purity biomethane due to purification from water vapor, hydrogen sulphide and adsorption of carbon dioxide are presented. The conversion of biomethane to hydrogen was noted as the most promising direction of biomass energy use, the advantages of using natural zeolites for obtaining high purity biomethane are shown.
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