Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the epidemiological and molecular features associated with HAV transmission in adults in Rio de Janeiro during a period of increased registered cases of HAV (2017–2018). Socio-epidemiological data and serum samples from anti-HAV IgM+ individuals were obtained. HAV RNA was RT-PCR amplified and sequenced for further phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses. From fifty-two HAV IgM+ individuals, most were men (78.85%; p = 0.024), aged 20–30 years old (84.61%; p < 0.001), resided in the Rio de Janeiro north zone (31/52; 59.62%; p = 0.001), and are men who have sex with men (MSM) (57.69%; p = 0.002). Sexual practices were more frequent (96%) than others risk factors (food-borne (44%), water-borne (42.31%), and parenteral (34.62%)). Individuals who traveled to endemic regions had a 7.19-fold (1.93–36.04; p < 0.01) increased risk of HAV. Phylogenetic analysis revealed four distinct clades of subgenotype IA, three of them comprised sequences from European/Asian MSM outbreaks and one from Brazilian endemic strains. Bayesian Inference showed that the imported strains were introduced to Brazil during large mass sportive events. Sexual orientation and sexual practices may play a role in acquiring HAV infection. Public policies targeting key populations must be implemented to prevent further dissemination of HAV and other STIs.
Highlights
Introduction distributed under the terms andHepatitis A virus (HAV) can cause a self-limited and acute disease [1]
Children in Brazil were predominantly affected by HAV infection before the inclusion of hepatitis A vaccination for infants in 2014, which resulted in a sharp decline in registered infected children following this new protocol [5,6,9,10]
The results presented here identified the circulation of three HAV strains related to European/Asian outbreaks possibly introduced during sporting events in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Summary
Introduction distributed under the terms andHepatitis A virus (HAV) can cause a self-limited and acute disease [1]. Its transmission can occur through person-to-person contact. This contact may be subdivided into household contact Besides the drop in registered cases among children, a shift in this infection profile has been observed, where young adults have been more affected [2,10]. This group represents 70–90% of symptomatic cases worldwide [5,9]
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