Incorporation of zinc oxide nanoparticles in cotton textiles for ultraviolet light protection and antibacterial activities

Abebe Belay,Getachew Adam,Melaku Mekuria

doi:10.1177/1847980420970052

Abstract

The textile materials functionalized with nanostructures have proven to be useful for many applications, such as antimicrobial, ultraviolet (UV) light protection, and self-cleaning substrates. The objective of this research is to synthesize and characterize zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) for the applications of UV absorbers and antibacterial activities. ZnO NPs were synthesized at different temperatures and reaction media of water (S-1) and 1,2-ethanediol (S-2) using precipitation and in situ methods on the surface of cotton fabric. The average crystalline size of the ZnO NPs estimated from the Debye Scherrer formula was found to be 32 and 26 nm for S-1 and S-2, respectively. The morphology of ZnO NPs characterized by scanning electron microscope revealed that agglomerated nanostructures were homogeneously formed on the fabric surface for S-1 and S-2; on the other hand, bundle-/flower-like particles having different sizes were observed for synthesis using an in situ method. The UV protection ability of ZnO NPs coated on textiles was investigated using UV-Vis spectroscopy by measuring the UV protection factor (UPF) in the range of 280–400 nm. Higher values of UPF were obtained for ZnO NPs prepared using an in situ method. The UPF value obtained by this method was found to be 320, which demonstrates its excellent ability to block UV radiation. The antibacterial activities of ZnO NPs synthesized by the two methods possess very good bacteriostatic activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria demonstrated by the zone of inhibition.

Highlights

The applications of nanotechnology in the textile industry have been increasing rapidly.[1,2,3] Recently, several nanomaterials, such as copper, gold, silver, aluminum, titanium dioxide, and zinc oxide (ZnO), are frequently used in textiles as coating or embedding agents.[4,5,6,7] This is mainly due to the fact that conventional methods used to impart different properties to fabrics often do not lead to permanent effects and will lose their function after laundering or wearing
Unlike bulk ZnO air permeability of the fabric is improved when the coating process is carried with ZnO NPs.[1,2]
The morphology of ZnO NPs synthesized using these methods has spherical shape, on the other hand, ZnO NPs synthesized using in situ method have bundle-/flower-like shape structures

Summary

Introduction

The applications of nanotechnology in the textile industry have been increasing rapidly.[1,2,3] Recently, several nanomaterials, such as copper, gold, silver, aluminum, titanium dioxide, and zinc oxide (ZnO), are frequently used in textiles as coating or embedding agents.[4,5,6,7] This is mainly due to the fact that conventional methods used to impart different properties to fabrics often do not lead to permanent effects and will lose their function after laundering or wearing. Large surface area to volume ratio of NPs has high surface energy ensuring better affinity for fabrics and leads to an increase in durability of the textile functions.[4] Cotton fabrics treated with bulk-ZnO or nano-ZnO show different physical and mechanical properties. Unlike bulk ZnO air permeability of the fabric is improved when the coating process is carried with ZnO NPs.[1,2] It is reported that the applications of ZnO on cotton increase the mechanical strength of fabric as compared to the untreated one. Several kinds of literature described the biosafety, biocompatibility, and electrical, optical, chemical, and biological properties of ZnO, and other NPs.[5,6,7]

Objectives

Methods

Results