Abstract
Biofilm formation on biomaterials is a challenge in the health area. Antimicrobial substances based on nanomaterials have been proposed to solve this problem. The aim was to incorporate nanostructured silver vanadate decorated with silver nanoparticles (β-AgVO3) into dental porcelains (IPS Inline and Ex-3 Noritake), at concentrations of 2.5% and 5%, and evaluate the surface characteristics (by SEM/EDS), antimicrobial activity (against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), silver (Ag+) and vanadium (V4+/V5+) ions release, and mechanical properties (microhardness, roughness, and fracture toughness). The β-AgVO3 incorporation did not alter the porcelain’s components, reduced the S. mutans, S. sobrinus and A. actinomycetemcomitans viability, increased the fracture toughness of IPS Inline, the roughness for all groups, and did not affect the microhardness of the 5% group. Among all groups, IPS Inline 5% released more Ag+, and Ex-3 Noritake 2.5% released more V4+/V5+. It was concluded that the incorporation of β-AgVO3 into dental porcelains promoted antimicrobial activity against S. mutans, S. sobrinus, and A. actinomycetemcomitans (preventing biofilm formation), caused a higher release of vanadium than silver ions, and an adequate mechanical behavior was observed. However, the incorporation of β-AgVO3 did not reduce P. aeruginosa viability and increased the surface roughness of dental porcelains.
Highlights
Advances in the development of biomaterials with antimicrobial effects reduce biofilm formation and prevent disease
Nanostructured silver vanadate decorated with silver nanoparticles (β-AgVO3 ), a hybrid system based on vanadate nanowires and silver nanoparticles, was introduced [2]
Β-AgVO3 was incorporated into several dental materials, such as acrylic resins, denture liners, impression materials, endodontic sealers, and prosthetic components, and demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]
Summary
Advances in the development of biomaterials with antimicrobial effects reduce biofilm formation and prevent disease. Antibiotic substances can promote bacterial resistance, the nanoparticles are an alternative with greater chemical reactivity and a smaller size to penetrate biofilm [1]. Nanostructured silver vanadate decorated with silver nanoparticles (β-AgVO3 ), a hybrid system based on vanadate nanowires and silver nanoparticles, was introduced [2]. This nanomaterial dissociates into silver (Ag+ ). Vanadium (V4+ and V5+ ) ions and acts on bacterial structures [2,3]. Β-AgVO3 was incorporated into several dental materials, such as acrylic resins, denture liners, impression materials, endodontic sealers, and prosthetic components, and demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]
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