Abstract
The presence of foodborne pathogens is one of the leading causes of food safety incidents; hence, early monitoring of the status of microbial contamination is a permanent concern. Here, a rapid and sensitive method for detection of Salmonella typhimurium was firstly developed by combining heavy water (D2O) labeling and Raman microspectroscopy to measure bacterial metabolic activity. It was based on the characteristics of Raman signals of carbon–deuterium (C–D) vibration as cells incorporate deuterium in place of hydrogen (H) during biosynthetic activity, and the live and dead Salmonella typhimurium cells could be distinguished by their metabolic activity within 1 h. The CD / (CD + CH)% of D2O-incorporated Salmonella typhimurium in logarithmic growth phase was linearly related to the log of the initial concentration, and Salmonella typhimurium with the initial concentration of 102–106 colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL could be quantified within 4–8 h. Furthermore, desirable recovery ranging from 95.41 to 106.6% was obtained to assess the practicality and stability of this method for rapid detection of Salmonella typhimurium in milk, indicating promising application for the detection of bacterial contamination in food.
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